How to reflash microcontroller Klipper?

 Here’s the standard (safe) way to reflash Klipper firmware to a printer microcontroller board, plus the common variations (SD card, USB/DFU, RP2040 UF2, etc.).



0) When do you actually need to reflash?

Most “Klipper updates” are host-only. You typically reflash the MCU when Klipper/Mainsail/Fluidd shows a firmware version mismatch or you changed MCU settings in make menuconfig. Klipper’s FAQ explicitly notes you may need to recompile + flash after upgrades (and that RESTART / FIRMWARE_RESTART does not load new firmware).

1) Build the correct firmware (on your Pi / host)

  1. Go to Klipper source and open config:

cd ~/klipper
make menuconfig

Tip: the comments at the top of your printer board’s Klipper config usually tell you exactly what to pick in menuconfig.

  1. Compile:

make clean
make

(“make clean” is commonly used before rebuilds.)

Your output firmware will appear in ~/klipper/out/ (e.g., klipper.bin or klipper.uf2).

2) Find the MCU device path (USB flashing cases)

If your board is connected via USB, get the stable by-id name:

ls /dev/serial/by-id/*

This is the recommended way to identify the correct device.

3) Flash method A — “make flash” over USB (common)

Stop Klipper, flash, start:

sudo service klipper stop
cd ~/klipper
make flash FLASH_DEVICE=/dev/serial/by-id/<your-board-id>
sudo service klipper start

This exact flow is shown in Klipper’s docs/FAQ.

Example (SKR Mini E3 V3 already running Klipper)

Voron’s doc shows the same idea: stop Klipper → make flash with the board’s /dev/serial/by-id/... → start Klipper.

4) Flash method B — SD card “initial flash” (VERY common on STM32/LPC boards)

Many STM32/LPC printer boards need the first Klipper flash via SD card. Klipper’s install guide calls this out and also warns: disconnect USB because some boards back-power and the SD flash won’t trigger.

Typical SD workflow:

  1. Copy ~/klipper/out/klipper.bin to SD card.

  2. Name it exactly how your board expects, then reboot/power-cycle.

Also: different boards have anti-flash-loop behavior:

  • Some “stock” boards require a new filename each time (e.g., firmware1.bin, firmware2.bin…).

  • Many aftermarket boards flash firmware.bin then rename it to firmware.cur after success.

5) Flash method C — RP2040 boards (UF2 copy)

For RP2040 (e.g., SKR Pico / Raspberry Pi Pico-class MCUs), Klipper produces a .uf2 file and you flash by copying it to the MCU when it appears as a USB drive.

Example (Voron SKR Pico guide):

  • Build: make clean && make

  • The file is ~/klipper/out/klipper.uf2

  • Put board in boot mode, mount/copy UF2, reboot

Klipper’s install doc also shows an RP2040 flash example using make flash.

6) Flash method D — DFU / bootloader tools (when needed)

If make flash can’t handle your board, you may need to flash using bootloader-specific tools (e.g., dfu-util, avrdude, bossac). Klipper’s FAQ explicitly mentions this and points to the bootloader document.
The Klipper bootloader doc includes DFU examples (e.g., STM32F072 via dfu-util) and other bootloader methods.

7) After flashing: update printer.cfg if needed

It’s common for the MCU’s serial ID/name to change after flashing—re-run:

ls /dev/serial/by-id/*

…and update your [mcu] serial: accordingly (Klipper notes this can happen).

Troubleshooting quick hits

  • make flash fails: ensure Klipper is stopped, the correct FLASH_DEVICE is used, and nothing else is holding the serial port. Klipper’s FAQ calls these out.

  • SD card flash doesn’t happen: unplug USB during SD flashing and follow your board’s filename rule (unique name vs auto-rename).

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