How do you implement a bootloader on STM32?
A bootloader allows firmware updates without a hardware programmer (e.g., via UART, USB, or CAN). Here’s how to implement one on STM32 : 1. Bootloader Basics Key Concepts Two Memory Regions: Bootloader (e.g., 0x08000000 to 0x0800FFFF ). Application (e.g., 0x08010000 onwards). Vector Table Offset: Application must relocate its interrupt vector table. Communication Protocol: UART, USB DFU, I2C, CAN, etc. 2. Hardware Setup STM32 Board (e.g., STM32F4 Discovery, Blue Pill). Communication Interface (e.g., USB-UART converter for UART bootloader). Boot Pins (Optional): Some STM32s use BOOT0 / BOOT1 pins to enter bootloader mode. 3. Step-by-Step Implementation (1) Partition Flash Memory Modify the linker script ( .ld file) to split Flash into bootloader and application regions. Example ( STM32F103C8 - 64KB Flash): ld MEMORY { BOOTLOADER (rx) : ORIGIN = 0x08...