Using STM32 HAL and register-level methods
Generating PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) on an STM32 microcontroller involves configuring a timer (TIM) peripheral to produce a variable-duty-cycle signal. Below is a step-by-step guide using STM32 HAL and register-level methods. 1. PWM Generation Using STM32 HAL (CubeMX) (A) CubeMX Setup Enable Timer (e.g., TIM1 , TIM2 , etc.) in PWM mode. Configure Channel (e.g., CH1 , CH2 ) as PWM Generation . Set: Prescaler ( PSC ) – Divides the timer clock. Auto-Reload Register ( ARR ) – Sets PWM frequency. Pulse ( CCR ) – Sets duty cycle. (B) Code Implementation c # include "stm32f4xx_hal.h" TIM_HandleTypeDef htim2 ; void PWM_Init ( ) { TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = { 0 } ; htim2 . Instance = TIM2 ; htim2 . Init . Prescaler = 84 - 1 ; // PSC = 84 → 1 MHz clock (if APB1 = 84 MHz) htim2 . Init . CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP ; htim2 . Ini...