What is an adaptive filter, and how does it work?
What is an Adaptive Filter? An adaptive filter is a digital filter that automatically adjusts its coefficients in real-time to optimize performance based on input signals. Unlike fixed filters (e.g., FIR, IIR), adaptive filters self-tune using feedback algorithms, making them ideal for noise cancellation, system identification, and signal prediction . How Does an Adaptive Filter Work? An adaptive filter consists of: A digital filter (usually FIR or IIR) with adjustable coefficients. An adaptive algorithm (e.g., LMS, RLS) that updates the coefficients. A feedback mechanism (error signal) to guide adjustments. Key Steps in Operation: Input Signal (x[n]) → Enters the filter. Filter Output (y[n]) → Generated using current coefficients. Desired Signal (d[n]) → Represents the ideal output. Error Signal (e[n]) → Computed as: e [ n ] = d [ n ] − y [ n ] e [ n ] = d [ n ] − y [ n ] Coefficient Update ...