Active and passive sensors used in different applications

 



1. Autonomous Driving

 Active Sensors:

  • LiDAR: Emits laser pulses to map surroundings in 3D (used for obstacle detection and navigation).

  • Radar: Sends out radio waves to detect the speed and distance of moving objects (crucial for adaptive cruise control).

  • Ultrasonic Sensors: Emit sound waves to detect nearby objects (used in parking assistance).

 Passive Sensors:

  • Cameras: Capture ambient light to recognize road signs, lanes, pedestrians.

  • Temperature Sensors: Monitor ambient and engine temperature for safe operation.

2. Home Automation / Smart Home

 Active Sensors:

  • IR Proximity Sensors: Emit infrared light to detect hand gestures or presence (e.g., touchless faucets).

  • Ultrasonic Presence Sensors: Detect motion by emitting and receiving sound waves (used in lighting systems).

 Passive Sensors:

  • PIR Motion Sensors: Detect infrared radiation from body heat (used in security systems).

  • Light Sensors (Photodiodes): Measure ambient light to adjust indoor lighting automatically.

3. Robotics

 Active Sensors:

  • Time-of-Flight (ToF) Sensors: Emit infrared pulses to measure exact distance (used for obstacle avoidance).

  • Infrared Emitters + Receivers: Used in line-following robots to detect surface contrast.

 Passive Sensors:

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