What is the recommended voltage range for powering an Arduino Uno?

 The recommended voltage range for powering an Arduino Uno depends on how you're supplying power:



1. Via USB Port

  • Voltage: 5V regulated

  • The USB port directly provides 5V, regulated by your computer or USB charger.

  • Safe and preferred for most use cases.

2. Via Barrel Jack (External Power Supply)

  • Recommended Input Voltage: 7V to 12V

  • Absolute Range: 6V (min) to 20V (max)

Internally, this goes through the onboard voltage regulator which converts it to 5V.

Ideal voltage:

  • 9V DC adapter (center-positive) is most commonly recommended.

Avoid:

  • < 7V: May not regulate to stable 5V, especially under load.

  • 12V: Causes excess heat in the voltage regulator, can damage the board.

3. Via VIN Pin

  • Same as the barrel jack: 7V to 12V recommended, 6V to 20V allowed.

  • This pin feeds the voltage regulator.

4. Via 5V Pin

  • Exactly 5V regulated

  •  Use with caution: Bypasses the onboard regulator and protection circuits.

  • Should only be used if you have a clean, regulated 5V source (e.g., from another regulated power supply or MCU).

 Summary Table

MethodVoltage RangeNotes
USB5VRegulated, safest option
Barrel Jack7V to 12V (recommended)
6V–20V (absolute)		Uses onboard regulator
VIN Pin7V to 12V (recommended)
6V–20V (absolute)		Same as barrel jack
5V Pin5V regulated onlyNo protection, use with caution

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